White Matter Injury of Prematurity: Its Mechanisms and Clinical Features
نویسنده
چکیده
A developing central nervous system is vulnerable to various insults such as infection and ischemia. While increased understanding of the dynamic nature of brain development allows a deeper insight into the pathophysiology of perinatal brain injury, the precise nature of specific fetal and neonatal brain injuries and their short- and long-term clinical consequences need special attention and further elucidation. The current review will describe the pathophysiological aspects and clinical significance of white matter injury of prematurity, a main form of perinatal brain injury in premature newborns, with a particular emphasis on its potential antenatal components.
منابع مشابه
Modeling the Encephalopathy of Prematurity in Animals: The Important Role of Translational Research
Translational research in preterm brain injury depends upon the delineation of the human neuropathology in order that animal models faithfully reiterate it, thereby ensuring direct relevance to the human condition. The major substrate of human preterm brain injury is the encephalopathy of prematurity that is characterized by gray and white matter lesions reflecting combined acquired insults, al...
متن کاملPerinatal Factors and Regional Brain Volume Abnormalities at Term in a Cohort of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Our objective was to investigate diverse clinical antecedents of total and regional brain volume abnormalities and white matter hyperintensity volume on term MRI in extremely low birth weight (birth weight ≤1000 g) survivors. A consecutive cohort of extremely low birth weight infants who survived to 38 weeks postmenstrual age (n = 122) and a control group of 16 healthy term newborns underwent b...
متن کاملNeurological consequences of systemic inflammation in the premature neonate
Despite substantial progress in neonatal care over the past two decades leading to improved survival of extremely premature infants, extreme prematurity continues to be associated with long term neurodevelopmental impairments. Cerebral white matter injury is the predominant form of insult in preterm brain leading to adverse neurological consequences. Such brain injury pattern and unfavorable ne...
متن کاملThe demyelination and altered motor performance following electrolytic lesion in the ventrolateral white matter of spinal cord in male rats: benefit of post-injury administration of estradiol
Introduction: Spinal cord injuries are accompanied with significant demyelination of axons and subsequent locomotor dysfunction. To identify the extent of damage following electrolytic lesion of ventrolateral white matter, essential area for initiation of locomotor activity, we assessed demyelination as well as alteration in motor performance. Moreover, the protective effect of estradiol as a c...
متن کاملPrenatal ischemia and white matter damage in rats.
Ischemia/reperfusion injury to the developing brain is a major cause of neurologic abnormalities in preterm infants. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we modified a previously described rat model of unilateral uterine-artery ligation on the 17th embryonic day (E17). Growth retardation was taken as an index of in utero ischemia, and pups born with a birth weight more than 2 standard devi...
متن کامل